release-notes.zh_CN

["Hero_xbd!.RRR" <heroxbd@163.com>]

这个附件是i386生成的文本文档，请大家审核。

latex cjk一直无法正常工作，调试了半个小时也没好使，我本来用utf-8的 
locale，后来发现debiandoc只支持gb2312就换成了gbk的locale，难道必须是 
gb2312的locale才能工作？
先不想试了，如果在cvs那边make没问题的话我就不在我这儿试了，实在不喜欢gb 
系列的locale
咱们是不是考虑把我们文档都转化为utf8的啊？

咱们邮件列表的web页上全是乱码，我感觉其中一个关键原因就是utf8和gb 
encoding混用，大家想想办法，解决一下啊。

cheers!

--
Xu Benda
Fundamental Science of Mathematics and Physics
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
100084
Tel:86-10-51531861


               Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 ('etch'), Alpha·¢²¼ËµÃ÷
               --------------------------------------------

Josip Rodin, Bob Hilliard, Adam Di Carlo, Anne Bezemer, Rob Bradford
                      (current), Frans Pop (current)

                       <debian-doc@lists.debian.org>

$Id: release-notes.zh_CN.sgml,v 1.10 2006/12/01 05:49:47 Hero_xbd!.RRR Exp
                                     $


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Ŀ¼
----

     1.        ¹ØÓÚеġ¶·¢²¼ËµÃ÷¡·

     2.        Debian GNU/Linux 4.0µÄÐÂÌØÐÔ
     2.1.      еķ¢Ðаæ
     2.2.      Ðµİ²×°ÏµÍ³

     3.        ȫа²×°
     3.1.      °üÊÜ»¶Ó­¶ÈÅÅÃû

     4.        ´Ó¾É·¢ÐаæÉý¼¶
     4.1.      ×¼±¸Éý¼¶
     4.2.      ¼ì²éϵͳ״̬
     4.2.1.         ½ûÓÃAPT
                    pinning(APTµÄÒ»ÖÖÓÃÓÚ°²×°Ìض¨°æ±¾Èí¼þ°üµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡ª¡ªÒëÕß)
     4.2.2.         ¼ì²éÈí¼þ°ü״̬
     4.2.3.         ·Ç¹Ù·½Ô´Óëbackports£¨backportsΪDebianÌṩ
                    ²»ÐèÒª·ÇStableÁ´½Ó¿â¾Í¿ÉÔÚStable°æÔ
                    ËÐеÄÐÂÈí¼þ°ü£¬ÓÐЧµØÃÖ²¹ÁËDebian
                    Stable°æÈí¼þ½Ï¾ÉµÄȱµã¡ª¡ªÒëÕߣ©
     4.3.      ×¼±¸APTÔ´
     4.3.1.         Ìí¼ÓInternet APTÔ´
     4.3.2.         Ìí¼Ó±¾µØAPTÔ´
     4.3.3.         Ìí¼ÓCD-ROM»òDVD APTÔ´
     4.4.      Éý¼¶Èí¼þ°ü
     4.4.1.         ¸üаüÁбí
     4.4.2.         Éý¼¶aptitude
     4.4.3.         Éý¼¶doc-base
     4.4.4.         Éý¼¶ÏµÍ³µÄÆäËü²¿·Ö
     4.4.5.         Éý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖпÉÄܳöÏÖµÄÎÊÌâ
     4.5.      ÖØÆôÇ°µÄÈÎÎñ
     4.5.1.         Éý¼¶ÄÚºË
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     4.6.      ·ÏÆúµÄÈí¼þ°ü
     4.6.1.         Dummy°ü

     5.        ÔÚetchÖÐӦעÒâµÄÎÊÌâ
     5.1.      Éý¼¶µ½2.6ÄÚºË
     5.1.1.         ¼üÅÌÅäÖÃ
     5.1.2.         Êó±êÅäÖÃ
     5.1.3.         ÉùÒôÅäÖÃ
     5.1.4.         Éý¼¶µ½2.6Äں˿ÉÄÜ»áÆôÓÃudev

     6.        ÓйØDebian GNU/LinuxµÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢
     6.1.      ½øÒ»²½ÔĶÁ
     6.2.      »ñµÃ°ïÖú
     6.2.1.         ÓʼþÁбí
     6.2.2.         IRC
     6.3.      ±¨¸æbug
     6.4.      ΪDebian×ö¹±Ï×

     A.        ¹ÜÀísargeϵͳ
     A.1.      Éý¼¶sargeϵͳ
     A.2.      ¼ì²éÔ´Áбí


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1. ¹ØÓÚеġ¶·¢²¼ËµÃ÷¡·
-----------------------

     [Èç¹ûÄúµÄ°æ±¾ÒѾ­ÓÐÒ»¸ö¶àÔÂÁË£¬Äú¿ÉÔÚhttp://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotesÏÂÔØ×îа档;]

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2. Debian GNU/Linux 4.0µÄÐÂÌØÐÔ
-------------------------------

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     Debian GNU/Linux 3.1
     ('sarge')Óзǹٷ½µÄAMD64ÒÆÖ²¿ÉÓᣴÓÕâÒ»·Ç¹Ù·½°æ±¾Éý¼¶Ó¦¸ÃûÓÐÎÊÌ⣬µ«ÎÒÃDz»×¼±¸ÔÚ±¾·¢²¼ËµÃ÷ÖнéÉÜ¡£

     ÎÒÃǽ«Í£Ö¹¶ÔMotorola 680x0
     ('m68k')Ìåϵ¼Ü¹¹µÄ¹Ù·½Ö§³Ö£¬ÒòΪËü²»Âú×ãDebian·¢²¼¹ÜÀíµÄ±ê×¼¡£¹Ø¼üÎÊÌâ³öÔÚËüµÄÐÔÄܺÍÉÏÓÎ×éÖ¯¶Ô»ù±¾¹¤¾ßµÄÖ§³Ö¡£È»¶ø£¬¼´Ê¹²»ÔÙÓйٷ½·¢²¼°æ£¬m68kµÄÒÆÖ²¹¤×÷ÈÔÈ»»áºÜ»îÔ¾£¬°²×°Ò²²»³ÉÎÊÌâ¡£

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        * Intel x86 ('i386')

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        * Intel Itanium ('ia64')

        * HP PA-RISC ('hppa')

        * S/390 ('s390')

        * AMD64 ('amd64')

     Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚhttp://www.debian.org/ports/alpha/

     AlphaÉϵÄDebian GNU/Linux 4.0 ʹÓÃ2.6.18Äںˡ£


2.1. еķ¢Ðаæ
---------------

     аæDebian±È¾ÉµÄsargeÓµÓиü¶àµÄÈí¼þ£»Ð°æ°üº¬9000¶à¸öÐÂÈí¼þ°ü¡£´ó¶àÊý¡ª¡ª½«½ü6500¸öÈí¼þ°ü(Õ¼sargeµÄ73%)¡ª¡ªµÄÈí¼þ±»Éý¼¶¡£ÁíÍ⣬Ðí¶àÈí¼þ°üÓÉÓÚijЩԭÒò±»´Ó·¢ÐаæÖÐÒƳý£¬²»»á½øÐÐÈκθüУ¬ËüÃÇÔÚ°ü¹ÜÀí³ÌÐòÖб»×¢ÒÔ'obsolete'¡£

     а汾µÄDebian GNU/Linux

     Debian GNU/Linux´øÓÐ×îеÄ×ÀÃæÓ¦ÓóÌÐò£¬±ÈÈçGNOME 2.14, KDE 3.5
     ºÍOpenOffice.org 2.0¡£

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     ¹Ù·½Debian GNU/Linux·¢Ðаæ°üÀ¨13ÖÁ15ÕÅ(È¡¾öÓÚϵͳ¼Ü¹¹)binary
     CD(º¬ÓбàÒëºóµÄÈí¼þ°ü¡ª¡ªÒëÕß)ºÍÊ®¼¸ÕÅsource
     CD(º¬ÓÐδ±àÒëµÄÔ­´úÂ롪¡ªÒëÕß)£¬ÏÖÔÚÒ²¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃDVD¡£


2.2. Ðµİ²×°ÏµÍ³
-----------------


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3. ȫа²×°
-----------

     Ðµİ²×°³ÌÐòÌṩ¶àÖÖ°²×°·½Ê½¡£¾ßÌå¿ÉÓõݲװ·½Ê½È¡¾öÓÚÄúµÄϵͳ¼Ü¹¹¡£

     Èç¹ûҪȫа²×°Debian£¬ÇëÔĶÁ¹Ù·½CDÉϵÄ

          /doc/install/manual/<language>/index.html

     »òInternetÉϵÄetch release pages
     (http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual)£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃdebian-installerµÄerrata
     (http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/debian-installer/index#errata)¡£

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     ÈÔÈ»¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý°²×°(×îС»¯)µÄ sarge Ëæºó½«ÆäÉý¼¶À´°²×°
     etch¡£ÒªÁ˽â¹ØÓÚ²»Í¬Öն˵ĸü¶àµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬ÇëÔĶÁDebian alpha port web
     pages (http://www.debian.org/ports/alpha)


3.1. °üÊÜ»¶Ó­¶ÈÅÅÃû
-------------------

     °´ÕÕÉÏÒ»·¢ÐаæµÄ¹ßÀý£¬°²×°³ÌÐò½«Ìṩ`popularity-contest'Èí¼þ°ü¡£

     `popularity-contest'ÏòDebianÏîÄ¿ÌṩÔÚ·¢ÐаæÖб»Ê¹ÓõÄÈí¼þ°üÐÅÏ¢¡£ÕâЩÐÅÏ¢Ö÷ÒªÓÃÓÚ¾ö¶¨Èí¼þ°üÔÚ°²×°CD-ROMÉϵÄ˳Ðò£¬Ò²Ê±³£±»¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±ÓÃÓÚ¾ö¶¨ÊÇ·ñ¼ÌÐøʹÓÃȱÉÙά»¤ÕßµÄÈí¼þ°ü¡£

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4. ´Ó¾É·¢ÐаæÉý¼¶
-----------------


4.1. ×¼±¸Éý¼¶
-------------

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     ÄúÐèÒª±¸·ÝµÄÖ÷Òª²¿·ÝÊÇ/etcºÍ/var/lib/dpkgÖеÄÄÚÈÝÒÔ¼°dpkg
     --get-selections "*"£¨´Ë´¦Ë«ÒýºÅ²»¿ÉºöÂÔ£©µÄÊä³öÐÅÏ¢¡£

     Éý¼¶¹ý³Ì²¢»áÐÞ¸Ä`/home'Ŀ¼ÖеÄÎļþ¡£²»¹ý£¬Ò»Ð©Ó¦ÓóÌÐò£¨±ÈÈçMozilla£¬Ä³Ð©GNOMEºÍKDE³ÌÐò£©»áÔÚµÚÒ»´ÎÖ´ÐÐʱÓÃеÄĬÈÏÉèÖø²¸ÇÓû§ÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£×÷ΪԤ·À´ëÊ©£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔ°ÑhomeĿ¼ÖÐÒÔ¾äµã¿ªÍ·µÄÒþ²ØÎļþ±¸·ÝÆðÀ´£¬ÒÔ±ã»Ö¸´Ô­À´µÄÉèÖá£Í¬Ê±£¬Í¨ÖªÆäËüÓû§ÕâÒ»ÎÊÌâ¡£

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4.2. ¼ì²éϵͳ״̬
-----------------

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     A.1 ½Ú, `Éý¼¶sargeϵͳ'²Ù×÷¡£

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     pinningÉèÖÃ(ÔÚ`/etc/apt/preferences')¡£¿ÉÔÚapt_preferences(5)ÖÐÕÒµ½APT
     pinningµÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢¡£

4.2.2. ¼ì²éÈí¼þ°ü״̬
---------------------

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          # dpkg -l | pager

     »ò

          # dpkg --get-selections > ~/curr-pkgs.txt

     ÔÚÉý¼¶Ç°ÒƳýÈκÎhold("±£³Ö¡°£¬APT¶ÔÈí¼þµÄÒ»ÖÖ±ê¼Ç£¬Ëü¸æËßAPT²»Òª×Ô¶¯Ìæ»»ÕâÒ»Èí¼þ°ü¡ª¡ªÒëÕß)ºÜ±ØÒª¡£Èç¹ûÈκÎÉý¼¶ÓõĻù±¾Èí¼þ°ü´¦ÓÚhold״̬£¬Éý¼¶¾Í»áʧ°Ü¡£`aptitude'ʹÓøú`apt-get'ºÍ`dselect'²»Í¬µÄ·½·¨À´¼Ç¼±»±£³ÖµÄ°ü¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃÏÂÁÐÃüÁî¼ì²é´¦ÓÚhold״̬µÄÈí¼þ°ü£º

          # aptitude search "~ahold" | grep "^.h"

     Èç¹ûÄúÏë²é¿´ÓÃ`apt-get'É趨Ϊ±£³ÖµÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ

          # dpkg --get-selections | grep hold

     Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ±¾»úÐ޸IJ¢±àÒëÁËÒ»¸öÈí¼þ°ü£¬ÇÒûÓÐÖØÃüÃû»òÔÚ°æ±¾ºÅÖмÓÈëepoch(Èí¼þ°üÖÐ×Ô¶¨ÒåµÄ°æ±¾ºÅ¡ª¡ªÒëÕß)£¬Äú±ØÐë°ÑËüÖÃΪhold״̬À´·ÀÖ¹Ëü±»¸üС£

     `aptitude'ÖС°hold"״̬µÄ°ü¿ÉÒÔÕâÑù¸ü¸Ä(½« `hold' Ì滻Ϊ `unhold')£º

          # aptitude hold <package_name>

     Èç¹ûÐèÒªÐÞ¸´£¬×îºÃ±£Ö¤`sources.list'ÈÔȻָÏò sarge£¬ÕýÏñÔÚµÚ A.2 ½Ú,
     `¼ì²éÔ´Áбí'ÖнâÊ͵ÄÄÇÑù¡£

4.2.3. ·Ç¹Ù·½Ô´Óëbackports£¨backportsΪDebianÌṩ
²»ÐèÒª·ÇStableÁ´½Ó¿â¾Í¿ÉÔÚStable°æÔËÐеÄÐÂÈí¼þ°ü£¬ÓÐЧµØÃÖ²¹ÁËDebian
Stable°æÈí¼þ½Ï¾ÉµÄȱµã¡ª¡ªÒëÕߣ©
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     һЩÓû§ÔÚsargeÖÐʹÓ÷ǹٷ½backportµÄ½Ï¡°Ð¡±Èí¼þ°ü¡£ÕâЩ°ü·Ç³£ÈÝÒ×ÔÚÉý¼¶Öгö´í£¬ÒòΪËüÃǺܿÉÄܵ¼Ö°ü³åÍ»¡£[1]µÚ
     4.4.5 ½Ú, `Éý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖпÉÄܳöÏÖµÄÎÊÌâ'ÌṩÈçºÎ´¦Àí°ü³åÍ»µÄ°ì·¨¡£

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4.3. ×¼±¸APTÔ´
--------------

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4.3.1. Ìí¼ÓInternet APTÔ´
-------------------------

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     Internet·þÎñÆ÷°²×°£¬µ«ÊÇÄúÒ²¿ÉÒÔÐÞ¸Ä`/etc/apt/sources.list'
     À´Ê¹ÓÃÆäËü¾µÏñ£¬ÌرðÊÇÍøÂçÉÏÓëÄú×î½üµÄ¾µÏñ¡£

     Debian HTTP»òFTP¾µÏñµØÖ·¿ÉÔÚhttp://www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist
     ÕÒµ½(²é¿´"Full list of mirrors"²¿·Ö)¡£HTTP·þÎñÆ÷×ÜÌåÉϱÈFTP·þÎñÆ÷¿ì¡£

     ÀýÈ磬¼ÙÉè×î½üµÄ¾µÏñÊÇ`http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/'µ±ÓÃä¯ÀÀÆ÷»òFTP¹¤¾ß·ÃÎÊËüʱ£¬Äú»á×¢Òâµ½Ö÷ҪĿ¼ÊÇÕâÑù×éÖ¯µÄ£º

          http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/dists/etch/main/binary-alpha/...
          http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/dists/etch/contrib/binary-alpha/...

     ΪÁËÈÃ`apt'ʹÓÃÕâÒ»¾µÏñ£¬ÔÚ`sources.list'ÖмÓÈëÕâÒ»ÐУº

          deb http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian etch main contrib

     #-#-#-#-# choice #-#-#-#-#
     ×¢Òâ'`dists''±»×Ô¶¯Òþº¬µØÌí¼ÓÁË£¬ÇÒÔÚ·¢ÐаæÃû³ÆÖ®ºóµÄ²ÎÊý±»ÓÃÀ´°Ñ°²×°Â·¾¶À©Õ¹µ½²»Í¬Ä¿Â¼ÖС£
     #-#-#-#-# choice #-#-#-#-# ×¢Òâ``dists''
     ±»×Ô¶¯Òþº¬µØÌí¼ÓÁË£¬ÇÒÔÚ·¢ÐаæÃû³ÆÖ®ºóµÄ²ÎÊý±»ÓÃÀ´°Ñ°²×°Â·¾¶À©Õ¹µ½²»Í¬Ä¿Â¼ÖС£

     #-#-#-#-# choice #-#-#-#-# Ìí¼ÓÁËÐÂAPTÔ´Ö®ºó£¬Óþ®ºÅ(`#')ÌíÔÚÐÐÇ°ÒÔ°Ñ
     `sources.list'ÖÐÒÑÓеÄ"`deb'"ÐнûÓᣠ#-#-#-#-# choice #-#-#-#-#
     Ìí¼ÓÁËÐÂAPTÔ´Ö®ºó£¬Óþ®ºÅ (`#')ÌíÔÚÐÐÇ°ÒÔ°Ñ
     `sources.list'ÖÐÒÑÓеÄ"`deb'"ÐнûÓá£

     ËùÓдÓÍøÉÏÏÂÔصÄÈí¼þ°ü¶¼±»´¢´æÔÚ`/var/cache/apt/archives'(ÒÔ¼°ÔÚÏÂÔؽø³ÌÖеÄ`partial/')£¬ËùÒÔÔÚ¿ªÊ¼°²×°Ö®Ç°Äú±ØÐëÈ·±£ÓÐ×ã¹»µÄ¿Õ¼ä¡£¶ÔÓÚÒ»¸öÊʵ±À©Õ¹µÄDebian°²×°£¬ÖÁÉÙÒªÓÐ300MBµÄÏÂÔØÊý¾Ý¡£

4.3.2. Ìí¼Ó±¾µØAPTÔ´
--------------------

     Äú¿ÉÒÔÐÞ¸Ä`/etc/apt/sources.list'À´Ê¹Óñ¾µØÇý¶¯Æ÷(¿ÉÄÜÊǹÒÔصÄNFS·ÖÇø)ÉϵľµÏñ¡£

     ÀýÈ磬ÄúµÄ¾µÏñÔÚ`/var/ftp/debian/'£¬ËüÓÐÕâÑùµÄÖ÷Ŀ¼£º

          /var/ftp/debian/dists/stable/main/binary-alpha/...
          /var/ftp/debian/dists/stable/contrib/binary-alpha/...

     ÒªÈÃ`apt'ʹÓÃËü£¬ÔÚ`sources.list'ÖмÓÈëÕâÒ»ÐУº

          deb file:/var/ftp/debian etch main contrib

     #-#-#-#-# choice #-#-#-#-#
     ×¢Òâ'`dists''±»×Ô¶¯Òþº¬µØÌí¼ÓÁË£¬ÇÒÔÚ·¢ÐаæÃû³ÆÖ®ºóµÄ²ÎÊý±»ÓÃÀ´°Ñ°²×°Â·¾¶À©Õ¹µ½²»Í¬Ä¿Â¼ÖС£
     #-#-#-#-# choice #-#-#-#-# ×¢Òâ``dists''
     ±»×Ô¶¯Òþº¬µØÌí¼ÓÁË£¬ÇÒÔÚ·¢ÐаæÃû³ÆÖ®ºóµÄ²ÎÊý±»ÓÃÀ´°Ñ°²×°Â·¾¶À©Õ¹µ½²»Í¬Ä¿Â¼ÖС£

     #-#-#-#-# choice #-#-#-#-# Ìí¼ÓÁËÐÂAPTÔ´Ö®ºó£¬Óþ®ºÅ(`#')ÌíÔÚÐÐÇ°ÒÔ°Ñ
     `sources.list'ÖÐÒÑÓеÄ"`deb'"ÐнûÓᣠ#-#-#-#-# choice #-#-#-#-#
     Ìí¼ÓÁËÐÂAPTÔ´Ö®ºó£¬Óþ®ºÅ (`#')ÌíÔÚÐÐÇ°ÒÔ°Ñ
     `sources.list'ÖÐÒÑÓеÄ"`deb'"ÐнûÓá£

4.3.3. Ìí¼ÓCD-ROM»òDVD APTÔ´
----------------------------

     Èç¹ûÖ»ÏëʹÓÃCD-ROM£¬ÄǾͰÑ`sources.list'ÖÐÒÑÓеÄ`deb'"
     ÐÐÓÃ"`#'"×¢Ê͵ô¡£

     È·±£`/etc/fstab'ÖÐÓÐÔÊÐíÔÚ`/cdrom'¹ÒÔØCD-ROMµÄÒ»ÐÐ(`apt-cdrom'ÐèҪʹÓÃ`/cdrom'¹ÒÔصã)¡£ÀýÈ磬Èç¹û`/dev/hdc'ÊÇÄúµÄCD-ROMÇý¶¯Æ÷£¬`/etc/fstab'Ó¦°üº¬ÕâÑùÒ»ÐУº

          /dev/hdc /cdrom auto defaults,noauto,ro 0 0

     ×¢ÒâÔÚµÚËIJ¿·ÖµÄ¡±`defaults,noauto,ro'¡±ÖУ¬´ÊÖ®¼ä²»ÄÜÓÐÈκοոñ¡£

     ҪȷÈÏËüÓÐЧ£¬²åÈëÒ»ÕÅCD£º

          # mount /cdrom   # ¹ÒÔØCD-ROM
          # ls -alF /cdrom # ÏÔʾCD¸ùĿ¼
          # umount /cdrom  # жÔØCD-ROM

     ÏÂÒ»²½£¬¶ÔÓÚÄúÓµÓеÄÿһÕÅDebian Binary CD-ROMÔËÐÐ

          # apt-cdrom add

     À´ÏòAPTµÄÊý¾Ý¿âÌí¼ÓÿһCDµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£


4.4. Éý¼¶Èí¼þ°ü
---------------

     ½¨ÒéʹÓÃ`aptitude'À´È«ÃæÉý¼¶ÏµÍ³¡£ÕâÒ»¹¤¾ß»á×ö³ö±ÈÖ±½ÓÖ´ÐÐ`apt-get'¸ü°²È«µÄÉý¼¶¾ö¶¨¡£

     ²»ÒªÍü¼ÇÒÔ¶Áдģʽ¹ÒÔØËùÓзÖÇø(Ò»°ãÊÇrootºÍ`/usr'·ÖÇø)£º

          # mount -o remount,rw /<mountpoint>

     ÏÂÒ»²½È·±£APTÔ´(`/etc/apt/sources.list')Ö¸Ïò"`etch'"»ò"`stable'"¡£×¢Ò⣺CD-ROM¾­³£±»±íʾΪ"`unstable'";ËäÈ»ÕâÁîÈËÃԻ󣬵«_²»Òª_ÐÞ¸ÄËü¡£

     Ç¿ÁÒ½¨ÒéÄúʹÓÃ`/usr/bin/script'³ÌÐòÀ´¼Ç¼һ¸öÉý¼¶¹ý³ÌµÄÐÅÏ¢¸±±¾¡£ÕâÑùÈç¹û³öÏÖÎÊÌ⣬Äú¾ÍÓÐÒ»¸öÈÕÖ¾À´Ñé¿´·¢ÉúÁËʲô£¬¶øÇÒÈç¹ûÐèÒªµÄ»°£¬Õâ¿ÉÒÔÌṩbug±¨¸æµÄÈ·ÇÐÐÅÏ¢¡£ÊäÈ룺

          # script -a ~/upgrade-to-etch.typescript

     »òÀàËƵÄÃüÁîÀ´¿ªÊ¼¼Ç¼¡£²»Òª°Ñ¼Ç¼Îļþ·ÅÔÚÁÙʱĿ¼ÖУ¬Èç`/tmp'»ò`/var/tmp'(ÔÚÕâЩĿ¼ÖеÄÎļþ»áÔÚÉý¼¶»òÖØÆô¶¯¹ý³ÌÖб»É¾³ý)¡£

     typescriptÔÊÐíÄúä¯ÀÀÒѾ­¹ö¹ýÆÁÄ»µÄÌáʾÐÅÏ¢¡£Ö»Òª×ªµ½VT2£¨Virtual
     Terminal 2¡ª¡ªÒëÕߣ©£¨Ê¹ÓÃ`alt-F2'£©£¬µÇ¼ÒÔºó£¬ÓÃ`less
     ~/upgrade-to-etch.typescript'²é¿´¡£

     Éý¼¶Íê³ÉÖ®ºó£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔÊäÈë`exit'ÃüÁîÀ´½áÊø`script'¡£

4.4.1. ¸üаüÁбí
-----------------

     Ê×ÏÈÐèҪȡµÃз¢ÐаæµÄÈí¼þ°üÁÐ±í£º[1]

          # apt-get update

[1]  ÎÒÃÇʹÓÃ`apt-get'ÒòΪsargeÖеÄ`aptitude'¿ÉÄÜÔÚÐÂÔ´¼ÓÈë`sources.list'ʱ³ö´í¡£

4.4.2. Éý¼¶aptitude
-------------------

     Éý¼¶²âÊÔ±íÃ÷etchµÄ`aptitude'ÔÚ½â¾ö¸´ÔÓÒÀÀµ¹Øϵʱ±È`apt-get'»òsargeµÄ`aptitude'¸ü³öÉ«¡£ËùÒÔÊ×ÏÈÓ¦Éý¼¶Ëü£º

          # aptitude install aptitude

     Äú»á¿´µ½Ò»Ð©¹ØÓÚ½«Òª½øÐеÄÐ޸ĵÄÌáʾÐÅÏ¢£¬²¢±»Îʵ½ÊÇ·ñÈ·ÈÏ¡£ÔÚÈ·ÈÏ֮ǰ£¬ÄúÓ¦×Ðϸ²é¿´Òª½øÐеĸü¸Ä£¬ÌرðÊÇÔÚÉý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖм´½«±»É¾³ýµÄ°ü¡£

     ijЩʱºò£¬Èç¹ûºÜ¶àÈí¼þ°ü±»ÁгöÀ´×¼±¸É¾³ý£¬Äú¿ÉÓÃ`aptitude'ÊÂÏÈÉý¼¶Ä³Ð©Èí¼þÀ´»º½âÕâÖÖÇé¿ö¡£¾ÙÒ»¸öÀý×Ó£ºµ±¶Ô×°ÓÐKDEµÄϵͳ½øÐмì²éʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇ»á×¢Òâµ½ÕâÒ»¹ý³Ì»áɾ³ýºÜ¶àKDEºÍperl°ü¡£Õâʱ¿ÉÒÔÏÈ°ÑperlÁ¬Í¬`aptitude'Ò»ÆðÉý¼¶À´½â¾ö¡£

4.4.3. Éý¼¶doc-base
-------------------

     _Èç¹û×°ÓÐ`doc-base'_£¬ËüÒ²±ØÐëÔÚϵͳÉý¼¶Ö®Ç°±»¸üС£Ô­ÒòÊÇËü»áÔÚ`perl'Éý¼¶Ê±³ö´í¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃ

          # dpkg -l doc-base

     ¼ì²éËüÊÇ·ñÒÑ°²×°¡£Èç¹ûÊä³öÐÐÒÔ'i'¿ªÍ·±íÃ÷ËüÒÑ°²×°£¬´Ëʱ±ØÐëÔÚ½øÒ»²½¹¤×÷֮ǰÉý¼¶Ëü£º

          # aptitude install doc-base

4.4.4. Éý¼¶ÏµÍ³µÄÆäËü²¿·Ö
-------------------------

     ÄúÏÖÔÚÒѾ­Ò»ÇоÍÐ÷À´½øÐÐÉý¼¶µÄÖ÷Òª²¿·Ö£¬ÔËÐÐ

          # aptitude -f --with-recommends dist-upgrade

     ½«½øÐÐÍêÕûµÄϵͳÉý¼¶£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬°²×°ËùÓÐ×îа汾µÄÈí¼þ°ü²¢½â¾öËùÓпÉÄܵİüÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ±ä»¯ÎÊÌâ¡£Èç¹û±ØÒª£¬Ëü»á°²×°Ò»Ð©ÐÂÈí¼þ°ü(ͨ³£ÊÇеÄÁ´½Ó¿â£¬»ò¸ÄÃûµÄÈí¼þ°ü)£¬ÒƳýÈκÎÓгåÍ»µÄ¾É°ü(Èç`console-tools-libs')¡£

     µ±´ÓÒ»×éCD-ROMÉý¼¶Ê±£¬Äú»á±»ÒªÇóÔÚÌض¨Ê±ÆÚ²åÈëÌض¨CD¡£¿ÉÄܱØÐë¶à´Î²åÈëͬһCD£¬ÕâÈ¡¾öÓÚ·Ö²¼ÓÚCDÖеÄÈí¼þ°üÄÚ²¿¹Øϵ¡£

     Ö»ÓиıäÆäËü°ü״̬²ÅÄܱ»¸üеÄÈí¼þ°ü»á±»±£ÁôΪµ±Ç°°æ±¾(ÏÔʾΪ'held
     back'״̬)¡£Õâ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýʹÓÃ`aptitude'À´Ñ¡ÔñÕâЩ°üÀ´°²×°»òÊäÈë`aptitude
     -f install <package>'À´½â¾ö¡£

     `--fix-broken' (»òÖ»ÊÇ`-f')ÉèÖÃÏîʹ
     `apt'³¢ÊÔÐÞ¸´ÏµÍ³ÖеÄÒÀÀµÐÔ´íÎó¡£`apt'²»ÔÊÐíϵͳÖдæÔÚδÂú×ãµÄ°üÒÀÀµ¹Øϵ¡£

4.4.5. Éý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖпÉÄܳöÏÖµÄÎÊÌâ
-------------------------------

     Èç¹ûÔÚʹÓÃ`aptitude'¡¢`apt-get'»ò`dpkg'ʱ³öÏÖÈçÏ´íÎó

          E: Dynamic MMap ran out of room

     ÄÇÊÇÒòΪĬÈϵĻº³åÇø̫С¡£½â¾ö°ì·¨Óжþ£ºÒƳý`/etc/apt/sources.list'ÖеĶàÓàÐУ¬Ôö´ó»º³åÇø¡£»º³åÇø´óС¿Éͨ¹ý`/etc/apt/apt.conf'ÖеÄ`APT::Cache-Limit'É趨¡£¼ÙÉèÏÖÓÐ`/etc/apt/apt.conf'ÖÐδÉ趨ÕâÒ»±äÁ¿£¬¿ÉÒÔÕâÑù×ö£º

          # echo 'APT::Cache-Limit "12500000";' >> /etc/apt/apt.conf

     This assumes that you do not yet have this variable set in that file.

     ÆôÓÃAPT::Force-LoopBreakÉèÖÃÀ´ÁÙʱÒƳýÔÚConflicts/Pre-Depends(A
     Conflicts B±íʾA¡¢B²»ÄÜͬʱ±»°²×°£¬A Pre-Depends
     B±íʾ°²×°A֮ǰ±ØÐë°²×°B¡ª¡ªÒëÕß)Ñ­»·ÖеÄÒ»¸ö»ù±¾Èí¼þ°üÓÐʱºÜ±ØÒª¡£`aptitude'½«¾¯¸æÄúÕâÖÖÇé¿ö²¢ÖÕÖ¹Éý¼¶¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÔÚ`aptitude'ÃüÁîÐÐÖмÓÈë`-o
     APT::Force-LoopBreak=1'ÉèÖÃÀ´ÊµÏÖ¡£

     ºÜÓпÉÄܵÄÊÇ£¬ÏµÍ³ÒÀÀµÐԽṹ»á·Ç³£»ìÂÒ¶øÐèÒªÊÖ¶¯¸ÉÔ¤¡£Í¨³£ÕâҪʹÓÃ`aptitude'»ò

          # dpkg --remove <package_name>

     À´È¥³ýÕâЩ²»ÓѺõÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬»òÕß

          # aptitude --fix-broken install
          # dpkg --configure --pending

     ÔÚ¼«¶ËÇé¿öÏÂÄú¿ÉÄÜҪʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÃüÁîÇ¿ÐÐÖØа²×°£º

          # dpkg --install </path/to/package_name.deb>

     Èç¹û´Ó"´¿"sargeÉý¼¶£¬°ü³åÍ»ÎÊÌâ²»»á³öÏÖ£¬µ«ÈôʹÓ÷ǹٷ½
     backport°üÔò»á³öÏÖ¸ÃÎÊÌâ¡£°ü³åÍ»»áÔì³ÉÈçÏ´íÎó£º

          Unpacking replacement <<package-foo>> ...
          dpkg: error processing <<package-name-for-foo>> (--unpack):
           trying to overwrite `<<some-file-name>>',
           which is also in package <<package-bar>>

     Äú¿ÉÒÔÇ¿ÐÐɾ³ý³ö´íÐÅÏ¢_×îºó_Ò»ÐеÄÈí¼þ°ü£º

          # dpkg -r --force-depends <package_name>

     ÐÞºÃÖ®ºó£¬ÄúÓ¦¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÉÏÃæÌáµ½µÄ`aptitude'ÃüÁî·½·¨»Ö¸´Éý¼¶¹ý³Ì¡£

     ÔÚÉý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Äú»á±»ÎÊһЩÎÊÌâÀ´ÅäÖûòÖØÐÂÅäÖò¿·ÖÈí¼þ°ü¡£Èç¹ûÄú±»Îʵ½ÈκÎÔÚ`/etc/init.d'»ò`/etc/terminfo'Ŀ¼ÖеÄÎļþ£¬»ò`/etc/manpath.config'ÎļþÊÇ·ñÓ¦±»°üά»¤ÕßµÄÎļþÌæ´úʱ£¬Í¨³£»Ø´ð'yes'ºÜ±ØÒª¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚÈÎÒâʱºòת»Ø¾ÉµÄÎļþ£¬ÒòΪËüÃǻᱻ±êÒÔ
     `.dpkg-old'À©Õ¹Ãû´¢´æ¡£

     Èç¹ûÄú²»ÖªµÀÓ¦¸Ã×öʲô£¬¼ÇÏÂÈí¼þ°ü»òÕßÎļþµÄÃû×Ö£¬ÔÙÔÚÉý¼¶ºó½â¾öÕâЩÎÊÌâ¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔËÑË÷ÈÕÖ¾ÎļþÀ´¸´²éÉý¼¶¹ý³ÌÖÐÏÔʾµÄÆÁÄ»ÐÅÏ¢¡£


4.5. ÖØÆôÇ°µÄÈÎÎñ
-----------------

     µ±`aptitude
     dist-upgrade'Íê³Éʱ£¬¡°Ç°ÆÚ¡±Éý¼¶¾ÍÒѾ­½áÊøÁË£¬µ«ÊÇÔÚÖØÆô֮ǰ»¹ÓÐÐí¶àÆäËüÊÂÇéÒª×ö¡£

     ÔĶÁ`/usr/share/doc/xfree86-common/README.Debian-upgrade.gz'À´»ñÈ¡XÊÓ´°ÏµÍ³µÄÏêϸϵͳÉý¼¶ÐÅÏ¢¡£ËüÓëËùÓеÄÏÈÇ°Debian·¢ÐаæÓû§Ïà¹Ø¡£¼ò¶ÌµØ½²£¬ÄúÐèÒªÔĶÁËü!

4.5.1. Éý¼¶ÄÚºË
---------------

     ×¢ÒâÔÚÕâЩ²½ÖèÖÐLinuxÄÚºË_ûÓÐ_±»¸üС£ÄúÓ¦¸Ã×Ô¼ºÈ¥×ö£¬°²×°`kernel-image-*'
     Èí¼þ°ü»òÕß´ÓÔ­´úÂë±àÒë×Ô¶¨µÄÄںˡ£

     Èç¹ûÄúÕýÔÚʹÓþÉ2.4Äںˣ¬¿¼ÂÇÒ»ÏÂ2.6Äںˣ¬ËüÓÐÁ¼ºÃµÄÓ²¼þ¼æÈÝÄÜÁ¦ºÍÐÔÄÜ¡£

     µ«ÊÇ£¬_²»Òª_°ÑÉý¼¶µ½2.6Äں˿´×÷´ÓsargeÉý¼¶µ½etchµÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£¹ØÓÚÉý¼¶µ½2.6Äں˵ÄÎÊÌâ¿ÉÔÚµÚ
     5.1 ½Ú, `Éý¼¶µ½2.6ÄÚºË'ÖÐÕÒµ½¡£

     ΪÉý¼¶Äںˣ¬Äú±ØÐ뾡Á¿Ñ¡ÔñÊʺÏÄú¼ÆËã»úµÄÄںˡ£ÒÔÏÂÃüÁîÓÃÀ´»ñÈ¡¿ÉÓõÄÄÚºËÁÐ±í£º

          # apt-cache search ^linux-image

     È»ºóÄúÓ¦¸ÃʹÓÃ`aptitude
     install'À´°²×°Ëü¡£Ò»µ©ÐÂÄں˱»°²×°£¬ÄúÓ¦¸ÃÖØÆôÀ´Ê¹ÓÃËü£¬ÏíÊÜËüµÄй¦ÄÜ¡£

     Èç¹ûÒª¸ü´Ì¼¤£¬ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨À´±àÒëÄú×Ô¼º¶¨ÖƵÄÄںˡ£°²×°`kernel-package'¹¤¾ßÈ»ºóÔĶÁ`/usr/share/doc/kernel-package'ÖеÄÎĵµ¡£

4.5.2. ´Óraidtools2ÏòmdadmµÄÉý¼¶
--------------------------------

     `raidtools2'²»ÔÙ±»ÉÏÓÎά»¤£¬ÒѾ­±»`mdadm'ËùÌæ´ú¡£`mdadm'¿ÉÒÔÍê³É¼¸ºõÈκÎRAIDµÄ¹ÜÀí¹¤×÷¶ø²»ÐèÒªÅäÖÃÎļþ£»Ä¬ÈÏÇé¿öÏÂËü¸ù±¾²»ÓÃÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£

     ÕâÒ»½ÚÓàϵIJ¿·Ö½«¸ø`raidtools2'Óû§ÌṩһЩÉý¼¶Ìáʾ¡£

     ÕýÈçÉÏÃæÌáµ½µÄ£¬´ó¶à³¡ºÏ`mdadm'²»ÐèÒªÅäÖÃÎļþ¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¹¤×÷¡£Èç¹ûÄúʹÓõÄÄں˿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯ÅäÖÃRAIDÕóÁУ¬ÄúÖ»Òª°²×°`mdadm'£¬RAID¾Í»áÔÚϵͳÆô¶¯Ê±±»Ì½²âµ½¡£Debian´øµÄ±ê×¼Äں˾ßÓÐÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±ÅäÖÃRAIDµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£Äú»¹ÒªÈ·±£·ÖÇø±»ÉèÓÐ"Linux
     raid autodetect" (id `fd')µÄÊôÐÔ¡£ÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁÁгö·ÖÇøµÄÊôÐÔ£º

          # fdisk -l <disk_device>

     Èç¹ûÄú»ìºÏʹÓÃ×Ô¶¯ºÍ·Ç×Ô¶¯ÅäÖõÄRAIDÕóÁУ¬ÄǾͱØÐë´´½¨Ò»ÏÂÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£

     Òª½«`/etc/raidtab'(`raidtools2')
     ת»¯Îª`/etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf'(`mdadm')£¬Ö´ÐУº

          # echo 'DEVICE dev/hd*[0-9] /dev/sd*[0-9]' > /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
          # mdadm --examine --scan >> /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

     Õ⼸ÌõÃüÁÉú³ÉÒ»¸ö°üº¬ÏµÍ³ÖÐÒÑÓÐÕóÁеÄÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£

     Äú»¹ÐèҪȷ±£RAIDÕóÁÐÔÚϵͳÆô¶¯Ê±×Ô¶¯ÔËÐС£¼ì²é`/etc/default/mdadm'ÖеÄAUTOSTARTÊÇ·ñÉèÖÃΪ`true'¡£


4.6. ·ÏÆúµÄÈí¼þ°ü
-----------------

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------


     Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 ('etch'), Alpha·¢²¼ËµÃ÷

     Josip Rodin, Bob Hilliard, Adam Di Carlo, Anne Bezemer, Rob Bradford
     (current), Frans Pop (current)
     <debian-doc@lists.debian.org>


     $Id: release-notes.zh_CN.sgml,v 1.10 2006/12/01 05:49:47 Hero_xbd!.RRR
     Exp $